Cherüsh
1. How It Sounds
Rolling and even, made to carry across open grass. Stress falls on the last syllable. The heart of the language is vowel harmony: every word is either a back word (vowels a, o, u) or a front word (vowels e, ö, ü), never both, and i can go in either. Every ending has two forms and takes the one that matches: yarbort becomes yarborttun (horses), but cherüsh would become cherüshtün. A speaker who breaks harmony sounds like a Kaishoni reading from a primer.
| Letters | Sound | Example |
|---|---|---|
| a, o, u | back vowels: father, go, rule | moqchon (that) |
| i | as in machine; goes with either set | turiq (this) |
| kh | a rough h in the throat; back words only | khilbin (those) |
| gh | a gargled g; back words only | ghaq (any) |
| q | a k deep in the throat; at the start of a word only in question words | turiq (this) |
| ch, sh, j, ts | as in church, ship, jam, cats | tsol (not) |
| ng | as in sing | kingzin (these) |
| y | as in yes | yelün (few) |
Question words all begin with q-: quros (what), qon (who), qinush (which), qay (where), qush (when), qosh (why), qis (how). No other word does.
2. How It Works
- Word order is subject, object, verb: Chesh yarbort döklenret ("I horse rode").
- No gender, no "the," no "a," no "is." One word, gaq, means he, she and it.
- Endings stack, and every ending comes in a back and a front form: plural -tun / -tün; to or for -sha / -she; owner -nuk / -nük. Yarborttun ghorsotsha jalcharsur is "the horses will go to the grass."
- Verbs take tense endings: past -rat / -ret, future -sur / -sür. With no ending, a verb is present or a command. Not is tsol, before the verb.
- The witness ending, -tay / -tey. A Cherüsh speaker marks whether they saw a thing themselves. Chesh yarbort döklenret is "I rode a horse" as a report; Chesh yarbort döklentey is "I rode it, and I was there." Leaving the ending off something you claim to have seen is lying; putting it on something you only heard is worse. The Blue Riders will not use it about the sky, which nobody has seen up close.
- Yes-or-no questions end with chotur. Questions with a q- word need nothing else.
- Thirty words for horse. Cherüsh never says "horse" when it can say which horse. See section 5.
Counting: tesh, kuq, shur, boq, ghir, tsök, tsal, ghun, tsat, sholt (one to ten), all one syllable, so they can be shouted from a saddle. kuqsholt (twenty, "two-ten"); zoq (hundred); tsaz (thousand). A captain of a hundred is an odayas.
Names. One given name, which is a plain word, and an English by-name for readers when one has been earned: Sarsak (arrow), Ghorsan (grass), Bagoq the Elder (drum), Juryan Redbow (bowstring). The ruler of all the tribes adds the title after the name: Sarsak Tolmar. Tribes are named with words too: the Shiygöl (herd), the Shusa (many), the Angsit (old), the Nintang (east), the Jilmu (wolf). The people call themselves Cherüsh, "free."
3. Phrases
| Cherüsh | English |
|---|---|
| Ishor chunurtay. | The Wide Blue hears. (The greeting, with the witness ending: "I know it does.") |
| Chesh yarbort döklenret. | I rode a horse. (Word order: subject, object, verb.) |
| Chesh yarbort döklentey. | I rode a horse, and I saw it myself. (The witness ending on its own means "I was there.") |
| Qay shamont? | Where is the water? |
| Chesh tsol tüjen. | I don't know. |
| Qis shusa? | How much? |
| Yir cherüsh. | We are free. (The Cherüsh name for themselves, in two words. "Are" is left out.) |
| Yarborttun ghorsotsha jalcharsur. | The horses will go to the grass. |
| Olriq shaghiski churunrat chotur? | Did the chief build a wall? (A question the Blue Riders ask on purpose.) |
| Zaghumnuk yarbort | the sky's horse (the owner ending) |
| Zoqin tsol chilong. | Arrow-flight doesn't lie. (The horse archers' saying.) |
4. The Core 500, by Group
The same 1,000 everyday English words are used for every language. Where Cherüsh has no word, the entry says so; that is part of the language.
Grammar. — (the) · — (a, an) · turiq (this) · moqchon (that) · kingzin (these) · khilbin (those) · binraq (all) · sobik (some) · ghaq (any) · khudong (every) · maylal (each) · shusa (many) · taguq (much) · takrol (more) · julgor (most) · yelün (few) · mokloq (other) · todat (none)
Pronouns. chesh (I) · chesh (me) · cheshnük (my) · baq (you (friend, child)) · dabit (you (stranger, elder)) · — (you (to the king)) · baqnuk (your) · gaq (he) · gaq (him) · gaqnuk (his) · gaq (she) · gaq (her) · gaq (it) · yir (we) · yir (us) · yirnuk (our) · goy (they) · goy (them) · goynuk (their) · sobikchaklaq (someone) · sobikzilbö (something) · tsol zilbö (nothing) · khudongchaklaq (everyone) · khudongzilbö (everything)
Questions. quros (what) · qon (who) · qinush (which) · qay (where) · qush (when) · qosh (why) · qis (how) · qis shusa (how much, how many)
Prepositions. enish (of) · toq (to) · shokquq (in) · tijuq (on) · yürkel (at) · darkhaq (from) · yonkhaz (with) · irnal (without) · ghaduk (for) · binrös (by) · daqtol (about) · doq (into) · ansolt (out, out of) · suq (up) · ghoroz (down) · dangat (over, above) · tonqot (under, below) · tajis (before) · bamash (after) · chunoq (between) · besing (through) · aqlur (near) · akriy (behind) · tikhunt (against)
Conjunctions. sosh (and) · iy (or) · saq (but) · yört (if) · iskey (because) · basmi (so, therefore) · jum (than)
Adverbs. tsol (not) · chuq (yes) · tsesh (no) · ghilt (here) · shus (there) · zesh (now) · bungim (then) · nüzölt (always) · kunmo (never) · görüm (often) · bangnon (sometimes) · totoq (soon) · marlul (today) · saqkhik (tomorrow) · shunul (yesterday) · jikhung (again) · közök (still, yet) · tejish (already) · sanzan (just, only) · chengil (also) · chekü (too) · julshan (very) · nüsüng (maybe) · khasmar (enough) · chinmom (together) · sinchin (away) · jelmit (back) · talraq (well) · sultas (really, truly)
Grammar words. — (be) · silqot (have) · sunmiz (do) · khudul (will, shall (future)) · dayuy (can, be able) · tarur (must) · muyaz (should) · amol (may, might) · shurmo (let)
Social. keben (hello) · sisüng (goodbye) · turala (please) · tonlal (thank you) · shöyzertö (sorry) · saqla (welcome) · bebenjes (agreed, all right)
Numbers. tesh (one) · kuq (two) · shur (three) · boq (four) · ghir (five) · tsök (six) · tsal (seven) · ghun (eight) · tsat (nine) · sholt (ten) · kuqsholt (twenty) · zoq (hundred) · tsaz (thousand) · tuq (first) · ghiq (second) · tsort (half)
Directions. telgön (north) · mugut (south) · nintang (east) · kösnüs (west) · tokam (left) · goguq (right (side))
Verbs. jalchar (go) · ogar (come) · yalang (get) · shebish (give) · dimit (take) · ulgin (make) · tüjen (know) · gansam (think) · chint (see) · togart (look) · yakmirt (want) · ezöng (need) · tuyda (like) · tugan (love) · shotuy (hate) · sarult (say) · yagong (tell) · teding (ask) · jirgo (answer) · charok (speak, talk) · jukol (call) · chunur (hear) · ikdem (listen) · shöchek (feel) · zasik (find) · kikhut (keep) · tunziy (hold) · soroq (put) · chenmün (leave) · tidönt (stay) · mulnort (live) · uysat (die) · ghatart (kill) · shujit (eat) · engrir (drink) · yalnan (sleep) · chanrar (wake) · shakis (sit) · surluz (stand) · khalgar (walk) · yut (run) · döklen (ride) · doknan (fall) · kochaq (carry) · oykhot (bring) · shulni (send) · shöstüs (buy) · juq (sell) · jingsal (pay) · sünler (owe) · khajat (work) · jiyung (help) · engöl (try) · kolnas (use) · nobiq (begin) · chultom (stop) · chönshe (finish) · bisot (wait) · khinuz (open) · direl (close) · nöyreng (show) · chigu (read) · jarol (write) · birner (learn) · ghulnol (teach) · tiboz (remember) · norar (forget) · gartot (believe) · tulul (understand) · tingür (mean) · chutaq (change) · tüygüz (move) · azoy (turn) · bichil (follow) · khacha (lead) · olnik (meet) · dagim (win) · yosqam (lose) · nuyoq (fight) · milbom (play) · tsörlel (sing) · tunsang (laugh) · khargat (cry, weep) · zosong (smile) · churun (build) · gezöt (break) · yönchöl (cut) · zaghis (burn) · dorur (grow) · chanar (hit, strike) · yuno (happen) · bilchan (become) · dönmet (wish) · gunrun (hope) · salbuy (fear) · tabom (pray) · tüzöy (marry) · chilong (lie (deceive)) · sölt (wear) · yutis (rest) · tsoqos (travel) · sunon (return) · zonris (hurt) · kachom (cost) · söge (agree) · siyash (promise) · shugay (touch)
People. chaklaq (person) · sinlak (man) · khormor (woman) · mughabu (child) · soymut (boy) · shalmirga (girl) · sharas (father) · tukish (mother) · tsirnasa (son) · jongloq (daughter) · nankoshon (brother) · kijö (sister) · kakghun (husband) · nujos (wife) · tokas (family) · gegös (friend) · yulnus (enemy) · siqbut (stranger) · diydos (king) · kölmöt (queen) · ghilir (lord) · daynalun (lady) · khadoq (priest) · yogonan (soldier) · takchos (farmer) · bumushor (merchant) · ghumagut (servant) · shunak (people) · besisü (name)
Body. khorbur (body) · kikak (head) · tolal (face) · shaz (eye) · shurolt (ear) · nulnosh (nose) · soldus (mouth) · chöling (tooth) · karyont (hair) · oshik (arm) · bachom (hand) · dosang (leg) · khugam (foot) · nirt (heart) · choq (blood) · boqa (back (body))
World. yokshal (world) · sachak (sun) · shulbal (moon) · jelilt (star) · zaghum (sky) · shoral (rain) · ördish (snow) · chimom (wind) · yiden (fire) · shamont (water) · sheren (earth, soil) · tonkhoy (stone) · shanak (river) · ghaqay (lake) · khilzun (sea) · süsök (mountain) · zöt (hill) · yise (forest) · midal (tree) · tuchiz (wood (material)) · gerkük (flower) · keshiy (field) · sortot (road) · chadilt (bridge) · tanor (city) · doljal (town) · anmom (village) · tokrilt (land, country) · shayi (light (brightness))
Home. sünmet (house) · yokyat (home) · yatort (door) · iygar (wall) · derget (room) · musok (bed) · nurjo (table) · chonuq (hearth)
Time. urdoshult (day) · tagalghan (night) · kukugo (morning) · tirbonkur (evening) · yonchun (month) · elük (year) · giktar (spring) · jishot (summer) · ikok (autumn) · öszüyken (winter) · tujazar (time)
Food. shukaz (food) · khijun (bread) · jesösh (meat) · chuymas (fish) · tonloz (egg) · bunbis (milk) · sajot (salt) · dinyöl (wine) · zalosh (ale) · manuq (meal) · yirba (grain)
Animals. kirsaz (animal) · yarbort (horse) · sibarjo (dog) · zirert (cat) · yakhilt (cow) · anshut (ox) · shishar (sheep) · iqyi (pig) · shojik (bird) · jilmu (wolf)
Things. zilbö (thing) · kichas (sword) · yantiq (bow) · sarsakiy (arrow) · sharyaq (shield) · tsorlur (knife) · toksasdaq (boat) · tsulil (ship) · jishiknon (cart) · tachur (coin) · yedit (money) · jochaz (gold) · zosbasas (silver) · gidanmom (iron) · magobong (clothes) · busgut (shoe) · gangat (cup) · süsgey (book) · chalur (letter) · surjaz (paper) · jujiltam (key) · kushush (tool) · sorchun (gift) · miysaq (ring) · chalar (bell)
Abstract. zanglut (war) · sursush (peace) · yununkir (law) · balrolot (truth) · angsal (luck) · kargotart (trade) · dadirt (price) · tuqshal (debt) · siboy (tax) · bosang (word) · tarosh (story) · yarming (song) · bunrar (question) · ninasla (news) · bogang (way) · junumung (place) · shoqasik (part) · torjoz (end) · kunjos (side) · esiz (kind (type)) · zotarosh (trouble) · ghoqor (reason) · yinuqish (idea) · zalronju (life) · shomuqas (death) · akush (game) · oqran (danger) · kusos (power) · mighuk (dream) · yutos (soul) · chinkuk (voice) · chülil (number) · bumong (oath) · bachumash (honor) · jidol (shame) · gikaq (faith) · alkhor (god) · tonujir (secret) · nonmoz (plan) · khilak (market) · toltir (wedding)
The Second 500
Five hundred more everyday words, the same for every language, bring the shared core list to 1,000.
Grammar. olmal (both) · jült (several)
Pronouns. ghaqchaklaq (anyone) · ghaqzilbö (anything) · tsol chaklaq (no one, nobody)
Prepositions. mükchür (across) · monmay (along) · kirnun (around) · sisrat (beside) · mechök (beyond) · khurang (inside) · khurom (outside) · kisilt (toward) · tsoguk (until) · chugos (among)
Conjunctions. elrüt (although) · joyoz (while) · yebing (unless)
Adverbs. shugul (almost) · soruk (later) · muklan (tonight) · tinre (forward) · salbos (instead) · junziz (even) · ghorult (ago) · tutuk (quickly) · jaqduy (slowly) · sobikjunumung (somewhere) · khudongjunumung (everywhere) · tsol junumung (nowhere)
Numbers. shursholt (thirty) · boqsholt (forty) · ghirsholt (fifty) · tsöksholt (sixty) · tsalsholt (seventy) · ghunsholt (eighty) · tsatsholt (ninety) · shult (zero) · yelt (third) · jal (fourth) · khult (fifth) · balt (pair) · shilt (once) · shelt (twice) · tsüsh (dozen)
Verbs. jasdong (wash) · jundo (cook) · dibas (bake) · ghusim (boil) · yarmuq (brew) · dusush (fill) · zanmat (sew) · yubuq (weave) · buntul (spin) · yekeng (dig) · marir (plant (put in the ground)) · koqlat (hunt) · ghadang (catch) · tongsuk (throw) · shutum (climb) · ghojan (jump) · kosgis (swim) · koroz (fly) · talun (push) · süschel (pull) · tsadiq (drop) · midar (hang) · gerüsh (tie) · uynor (count) · gagur (steal) · mekyert (hide) · nimart (seek) · jotant (defend) · khulosh (attack) · tsayut (escape) · olghosh (chase) · yargar (shoot) · gumut (command) · dutan (obey) · sasosh (serve) · mankuz (forgive) · küsnis (punish) · sikuk (bless) · nangsit (worship) · yikhuk (mourn) · chalor (bury) · yegelt (kneel) · khurnir (kiss) · ghorir (shout) · tusju (lie down) · tonir (rise) · muyshik (smell) · nüjim (taste) · nachor (bleed) · dichesh (sink) · chöter (arrive) · dozurt (enter) · sharmo (choose) · shoshon (decide) · chalir (prepare) · kuqnang (trust) · chashuq (share) · chorza (gather) · shönt (protect) · jolat (feed) · döyze (earn) · sashiy (spend)
Adjectives. shorja (slow) · tonchu (thick) · shüröl (thin) · sunkar (wide) · uqgint (deep) · yulsiy (flat) · jutan (round) · tsokhar (sharp) · macholt (soft) · kulart (smooth) · sesish (rough) · turor (sweet) · shangun (bitter) · mangzul (sour) · mökgün (clean) · tsoqi (dirty) · ghasdur (cheap) · yarir (low) · zardu (tall) · shadun (weak) · zoruz (brave) · ditant (proud) · girson (gentle) · sünyen (cruel) · zarmar (clever) · tenkil (foolish) · ulsa (lazy) · yiqaq (busy) · mizun (tired) · bichunt (calm) · tuqlir (loud) · suybot (fresh) · charaz (rotten) · kirghon (ripe) · ghilum (raw) · küsil (ugly) · yenelt (fat) · simelt (blind) · dantur (deaf) · tibuq (thirsty) · surchu (awake) · jakgus (alive) · tichar (healthy) · sarmo (broken) · koldat (easy) · khasul (straight) · ghulqay (wild) · tuqnam (purple) · zoka (pale) · muboq (false)
People. odart (baby) · yoto (uncle) · jagort (aunt) · totazalt (cousin) · khokibaz (nephew) · khonrolom (niece) · munmush (widow) · burkhin (orphan) · yüchit (bride) · chukogul (bridegroom) · datult (parent) · yochoq (guest) · yoshiq (neighbor) · shutang (crowd) · muchotar (thief) · burkaq (beggar) · orsolyart (carpenter) · khaslul (weaver) · dirnak (baker) · jilshas (fisherman) · chusotak (miller) · bürlel (potter) · tiqmar (healer) · zarqak (messenger) · gesil (rider) · shoghul (scribe) · oymun (teacher) · dilisish (student) · yarghal (master (of a house or craft)) · sonozil (hero) · khamonju (singer)
Body. agant (neck) · shüzeng (shoulder) · zigat (chest) · mozil (belly) · khuzult (finger) · dönish (toe) · jukart (knee) · atart (elbow) · marnurt (skin) · onghum (bone) · chabart (lip) · shisol (tongue) · milor (beard) · junsoq (cheek) · tsüsnik (brow) · jazo (chin) · gengjös (fist) · khuyish (lung) · ijoz (rib) · taqis (skull) · shimüs (sweat) · zosha (tear (from the eye)) · chinesh (wound) · dunsho (pain) · tsukdim (illness) · bonyam (flesh)
World. sinjüz (cloud) · khasum (thunder) · barliq (lightning) · yirshir (hail) · guygar (rainbow) · shöshüt (weather) · kurtolt (heat) · jodong (flood) · ulshir (drought) · sharoy (plain) · muchat (cave) · mogam (sand) · kusoy (mud) · aykhaq (dust) · malkot (stream) · öchin (pond) · birzash (waterfall) · turang (slope) · tönshün (ridge) · disan (wilderness) · sürshil (hole) · tsulur (smoke) · shakhit (air)
Sea. shokqaq (wave) · moluyan (tide) · tiylut (shell) · khusut (anchor) · gaguy (mast) · shuqdun (deck) · zokhit (fleet) · nirtül (voyage) · dültür (raft) · sukhash (crab) · munranbal (pirate) · khinart (current (of water)) · tamungnol (net)
Home. dabul (roof) · nangro (floor) · tüchün (window) · tseriy (chair) · julzor (bench) · jongin (box) · ghiqtil (candle) · irshor (pot) · baqna (jug) · madosh (dish) · khibong (spoon) · zilok (basket) · tsolgu (blanket) · möykey (barrel) · diguz (sack) · toryo (kitchen) · mulqon (hut) · kirlang (ashes) · zachal (firewood) · juqnang (well (for water)) · narshor (lock) · türsös (shelf) · gashos (cradle) · müdöng (bath) · shabul (comb) · töchüsh (pillow)
Time. tusomul (week) · ghuynaraq (hour) · sanutur (noon) · nolrang (midnight) · mülis (moment) · suyrol (age (an era)) · jursinjoy (century) · dangqoqki (season) · chaqyos (festival) · dodornurt (afternoon) · tikusing (past (time gone by)) · sanmoq (future (time to come)) · nobun (generation)
Food. urolt (honey) · tudang (butter) · orchong (cheese) · jimart (soup) · jashiz (porridge) · tsantor (flour) · yingak (oil) · sorbalt (apple) · kiskhon (pear) · tunbint (grape) · dolmas (berry) · jochur (nut) · dartas (bean) · etet (onion) · tsardiq (garlic) · sölmö (cabbage) · chüshö (fruit) · orkhus (vinegar) · molsay (sausage) · seknen (cherry) · yashun (feast)
Farm. nayarmor (plow) · yuqshut (seed) · bataguz (wheat) · konjush (oats) · sonchoq (hay) · yolir (straw) · sanban (barn) · zurdurt (stable) · anraz (fence) · toqzit (pasture) · yönim (meadow) · chaktir (orchard) · sharakut (scythe) · turtis (sickle) · demil (spade) · dakat (yoke) · maguy (crop) · gurisbing (flock) · tischün (beehive) · kurluq (ditch)
Animals. nozarqosh (hen) · daqurt (rooster) · khiktir (duck) · chuza (goose) · tsingi (lamb) · sömül (calf) · kerkirt (donkey) · kökgenlör (mule) · ürnöl (mouse) · sochalt (rat) · gechiz (frog) · daldidish (bee) · yolajan (fly (insect)) · diling (ant) · jukul (worm) · butayuk (spider) · shukhit (lion) · zuldurmi (boar) · yolshinaq (hawk) · suziktu (dove) · yolghus (tail) · zoshachun (wing) · kongkoba (horn) · butadut (hoof) · saqol (claw) · tönük (beak) · menbötin (nest)
Plants. janor (branch) · chakhal (bush) · tukrak (vine) · ternil (weed) · shugar (herb) · oyjit (mushroom) · minshiz (nettle) · anik (ivy) · tsir (willow) · yantong (birch) · irqaq (yew) · yekröng (clover) · sibush (acorn) · khukho (trunk (of a tree))
Crafts. okjut (rope) · ghutunt (needle) · sitoq (thread) · yorsiy (cloth) · mangribal (leather) · zinan (loom) · süntesh (nail (metal spike)) · ultoy (saw (tool)) · girqak (chisel) · zirdak (knot) · chesün (wheel) · ukiyan (ladder) · khorbor (brick) · bornak (bronze) · moyna (copper) · shirashiz (steel) · yöying (dye) · ochor (linen) · barqibir (jar) · yonaq (chain) · anlart (beam (of wood)) · sörni (hook) · zinbart (blade) · dola (handle)
Trade. ulgak (shop) · gakom (stall (in a market)) · kishüzö (goods) · goslushal (profit) · süykiz (wage) · chidochos (purse) · chobor (scales (for weighing)) · baqgiz (weight) · yinbak (fair (a market gathering)) · chistaz (value) · nangban (wealth) · yuqga (peddler)
War. kichediz (army) · agun (battle) · soyaqban (siege) · dukyuq (armor) · ghuboghan (club (weapon)) · yodant (dagger) · ongtut (banner) · chosik (ambush) · achoz (victory) · senölrön (defeat) · changqo (ally) · baniyrolt (plunder) · moyingyuz (hostage) · jokha (truce)
Law. chonrotan (judge) · bochik (court (of law)) · muroy (crime) · goysorut (punishment) · bocham (fine (a penalty)) · yimölt (prison) · ganil (prisoner) · sabos (witness) · niros (guilt) · sarlun (justice) · chulaq (rule (a law or custom)) · chölben (heir) · torjuq (inheritance) · jidan (tithe) · yirjam (toll) · nulilzuq (traitor) · ingda (exile)
Faith. chosyay (ghost) · zultay (heaven) · jinget (underworld) · notal (altar) · kurtaq (blessing) · ghatat (curse) · yosghan (funeral) · mokdal (corpse) · yadu (coffin) · mursatu (monk) · ziqas (nun) · siristüng (pilgrim) · kirnang (omen)
Music. solnak (music) · möstigek (flute) · nönsöcher (harp) · tosduz (trumpet) · nakhalt (tune) · göjürner (verse) · sighiymus (riddle) · baghuy (legend) · inban (proverb) · khasaryiq (joke) · taryul (dance)
Travel. tilzem (path) · sikeresh (journey) · chotolt (inn) · jishüng (tavern) · khonror (traveler) · chaghil (map) · inghakat (crossroads) · tirma (horseshoe) · tazing (mile) · joshunt (shelter) · tirno (distance) · shalrodan (innkeeper)
Abstract. mundogham (joy) · danjik (sorrow) · sizong (grief) · tögült (pity) · kharnaz (mercy) · muqlor (friendship) · babom (memory) · shanir (mistake) · ginmal (skill) · maljit (rumor) · moso (message) · orangzos (task) · nutas (reward) · bülshür (blame) · yungyas (revenge) · dorlostus (quarrel) · kunbal (noise) · milsilnur (sound) · salrult (color) · shösiz (shape) · angrort (size) · gügi (middle) · chorish (corner) · ghishojoq (sign (a mark or signal)) · söslek (anger) · sheden (hunger)
5. The Thirty Horses
yarbort is "horse" to a foreigner. To a rider it is one of these:
| Cherüsh | Horse |
|---|---|
| yarbort | a horse (to foreigners) |
| tsirüsh | mare |
| gantan | stallion |
| benlin | foal |
| malqung | yearling (a one-year-old horse) |
| girbol | two-year-old horse |
| azont | gelding |
| yoygus | war-horse |
| satoqik | pack-horse |
| kimumil | racehorse |
| zolosh | spare horse (the remount a rider leads) |
| shiygöl | herd of horses |
| böküye | bay horse |
| sugos | gray horse |
| malgon | black horse |
| boguy | white horse |
| sekmir | chestnut horse |
| ghakhut | dun horse |
| yoskal | piebald horse |
| gaghik | spotted horse |
| tsunoz | horse with a white blaze |
| yisduq | fast horse |
| ütösh | lame horse |
| ersül | horse too wild to ride |
| balultos | horse that knows its way home |
| gadan | horse that has carried a dead rider |
| zotung | horse given between tribes |
| ingkunra | horse promised to the sky |
| muqnult | old horse put out to grass |
| tutonrish | lead mare of a herd |
| yorul | fermented mare's milk |
6. Grass Sea Words Beyond the Core
cherüsh (free) · olriq (chief of a tribe (old "khan")) · tolmar (ruler of all the tribes (old "Khal")) · charnazin (realm of a ruler (old "Khanate")) · buyor (great camp (old "Orda")) · izül (tribe) · ishor (the Wide Blue (the sky as god)) · janshiz (shaman) · bagoq (drum) · sunsus (felt tent) · ghongto (felt) · ojis (saddle) · zobash (bridle) · shulno (whip) · turmint (horse archer) · zoqin (arrow-flight (the sound of arrows)) · shaghiski (wall (of stone)) · irger (eagle) · turtilut (saiga) · ghorsot (grass) · kokror (steppe (the Grass Sea)) · chetin (ford) · khinal (ruin) · chaqus (tribute) · bikmir (blue) · kholabirt (lance) · juryusa (bowstring) · odayas (captain of a hundred) · ilrakhaq (herdsman) · chotur (question particle)
Grammar endings: -tun/-tün plural · -sha/-she to, for · -nuk/-nük owner · -rat/-ret past · -sur/-sür future · -tay/-tey witness ("I saw it") · chotur question · q- question words
7. Dictionary: Cherüsh to English
| Cherüsh | English | Part of speech | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| achoz | victory | n | |
| agant | neck | n | |
| agun | battle | n | |
| akhot | right, correct | adj | |
| akriy | behind | prep | |
| akush | game | n | |
| alkhor | god | n | |
| amol | may, might | aux | |
| angrort | size | n | |
| angsal | luck | n | |
| angsit | old | adj | |
| anik | ivy | n | |
| anlart | beam (of wood) | n | |
| anmom | village | n | |
| anraz | fence | n | |
| anshut | ox | n | |
| ansolt | out, out of | prep | |
| aqlur | near | prep | |
| atart | elbow | n | |
| aykhaq | dust | n | |
| azont | gelding | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| azoy | turn | v | |
| babom | memory | n | |
| bachom | hand | n | |
| bachumash | honor | n | |
| baghuy | legend | n | |
| bagit | warm | adj | |
| bagoq | drum | n | |
| balrolot | truth | n | |
| balt | pair | num | |
| balultos | horse that knows its way home | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| bamash | after | prep | |
| bangnon | sometimes | adv | |
| baniyrolt | plunder | n | |
| baq | you (friend, child) | pron | familiar |
| baqgiz | weight | n | |
| baqna | jug | n | |
| baqnuk | your | pron | |
| barliq | lightning | n | |
| barqibir | jar | n | |
| basmi | so, therefore | conj | |
| bataguz | wheat | n | |
| bebenjes | agreed, all right | interj | in place of 'okay' |
| benlin | foal | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| besing | through | prep | |
| besisü | name | n | |
| bichil | follow | v | |
| bichunt | calm | adj | |
| bikmir | blue | adj | |
| bikmir | blue | adj | |
| biknur | alone | adj | |
| bilchan | become | v | |
| binraq | all | det | |
| binrös | by | prep | |
| birner | learn | v | |
| birzash | waterfall | n | |
| bisot | wait | v | |
| bobiq | afraid | adj | |
| bocham | fine (a penalty) | n | |
| bochik | court (of law) | n | |
| bogang | way | n | |
| boguy | white horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| böküye | bay horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| bonyam | flesh | n | |
| boq | four | num | |
| boqa | back (body) | n | |
| boqsholt | forty | num | from four + ten |
| bornak | bronze | n | |
| bosang | word | n | |
| bujo | poor | adj | |
| bülshür | blame | n | |
| bumong | oath | n | |
| bumushor | merchant | n | |
| bunbis | milk | n | |
| bungim | then | adv | |
| bunrar | question | n | |
| buntul | spin | v | |
| buquq | hungry | adj | |
| burkaq | beggar | n | |
| burkhin | orphan | n | |
| bürlel | potter | n | |
| busgut | shoe | n | |
| butadut | hoof | n | |
| butayuk | spider | n | |
| buyor | great camp (old "Orda") | n | |
| chabart | lip | n | |
| chadilt | bridge | n | |
| chaghil | map | n | |
| chakhal | bush | n | |
| chaklaq | person | n | |
| chaktay | cold | adj | |
| chaktir | orchard | n | |
| chalar | bell | n | |
| chalir | prepare | v | |
| chalor | bury | v | |
| chalsut | sure | adj | |
| chalur | letter | n | in place of 'email' |
| chanar | hit, strike | v | |
| changqo | ally | n | |
| chanrar | wake | v | |
| chaqus | tribute | n | |
| chaqyos | festival | n | |
| charaz | rotten | adj | |
| charja | brown | adj | |
| charnazin | realm of a ruler (old "Khanate") | n | |
| charok | speak, talk | v | |
| chashuq | share | v | |
| chekü | too | adv | |
| chengil | also | adv | |
| chenmün | leave | v | |
| cherüsh | free | adj | |
| cherüsh | free | adj | also the people's own name (old "Ozgur") |
| chesh | I | pron | |
| chesh | me | pron | |
| cheshnük | my | pron | |
| chesün | wheel | n | |
| chetin | ford | n | |
| chidochos | purse | n | |
| chigu | read | v | |
| chilong | lie (deceive) | v | |
| chimom | wind | n | |
| chinesh | wound | n | |
| chinkuk | voice | n | |
| chinmom | together | adv | |
| chint | see | v | |
| chistaz | value | n | |
| chobor | scales (for weighing) | n | |
| chölben | heir | n | |
| chöling | tooth | n | |
| chonrotan | judge | n | |
| chönshe | finish | v | |
| chonuq | hearth | n | |
| choq | blood | n | |
| chorish | corner | n | |
| chortus | gray | adj | |
| chorza | gather | v | |
| chosik | ambush | n | |
| chosyay | ghost | n | |
| chöter | arrive | v | |
| chotolt | inn | n | |
| chotur | question particle | part | ends a yes-or-no question |
| chugos | among | prep | |
| chukogul | bridegroom | n | |
| chulaq | rule (a law or custom) | n | |
| chülil | number | n | |
| chultom | stop | v | |
| chunloz | full | adj | |
| chunoq | between | prep | |
| chunur | hear | v | |
| chuq | yes | interj | |
| churun | build | v | |
| chüshö | fruit | n | |
| chusotak | miller | n | |
| chutaq | change | v | |
| chuymas | fish | n | |
| chuza | goose | n | |
| dabit | you (stranger, elder) | pron | formal |
| dabul | roof | n | |
| dadirt | price | n | |
| dagim | win | v | |
| dakat | yoke | n | |
| daldidish | bee | n | |
| dangat | over, above | prep | |
| dangqoqki | season | n | |
| danjik | sorrow | n | |
| danmoy | far | adj | |
| danor | rich | adj | |
| dantur | deaf | adj | |
| daqtol | about | prep | |
| daqurt | rooster | n | |
| darkhaq | from | prep | |
| dartas | bean | n | |
| dashot | dear | adj | |
| datult | parent | n | |
| daynalun | lady | n | |
| dayuy | can, be able | aux | |
| demil | spade | n | |
| derget | room | n | |
| dibas | bake | v | |
| dichesh | sink | v | |
| diguz | sack | n | |
| diling | ant | n | |
| dilisish | student | n | |
| dimit | take | v | |
| dinyöl | wine | n | |
| direl | close | v | |
| dirnak | baker | n | |
| disan | wilderness | n | |
| ditant | proud | adj | |
| diydos | king | n | |
| dodornurt | afternoon | n | |
| döklen | ride | v | |
| doknan | fall | v | |
| dola | handle | n | |
| doljal | town | n | |
| dolmas | berry | n | |
| dönish | toe | n | |
| dönmet | wish | v | |
| doq | into | prep | |
| dorlostus | quarrel | n | |
| dorur | grow | v | |
| dosang | leg | n | |
| döyze | earn | v | |
| dozurt | enter | v | |
| dukyuq | armor | n | |
| düldöt | important | adj | |
| dültür | raft | n | |
| dunsho | pain | n | |
| dusush | fill | v | |
| dutan | obey | v | |
| elrüt | although | conj | |
| elük | year | n | |
| engöl | try | v | |
| engrir | drink | n/v | |
| enish | of | prep | rarely used: the owner ending -nuk/-nük does this work |
| ersül | horse too wild to ride | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| esiz | kind (type) | n | |
| etet | onion | n | |
| ezöng | need | v | |
| gadan | horse that has carried a dead rider | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| gaghik | spotted horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| gagur | steal | v | |
| gaguy | mast | n | |
| gakom | stall (in a market) | n | |
| gangat | cup | n | |
| ganil | prisoner | n | |
| gansam | think | v | |
| gantan | stallion | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| gaq | he | pron | |
| gaq | him | pron | |
| gaq | she | pron | |
| gaq | her | pron | |
| gaq | it | pron | |
| gaqnuk | his | pron | |
| gartot | believe | v | |
| gashos | cradle | n | |
| gechiz | frog | n | |
| gegös | friend | n | |
| gengjös | fist | n | |
| gerkük | flower | n | |
| gerüsh | tie | v | |
| gesil | rider | n | |
| getis | hot | adj | |
| gezöt | break | v | |
| ghadang | catch | v | |
| ghaduk | for | prep | |
| ghakhut | dun horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| ghaq | any | det | |
| ghaqay | lake | n | |
| ghaqchaklaq | anyone | pron | from any + person |
| ghaqzilbö | anything | pron | from any + thing |
| ghasdur | cheap | adj | |
| ghatart | kill | v | |
| ghatat | curse | n | |
| ghilir | lord | n | |
| ghilt | here | adv | |
| ghilum | raw | adj | |
| ghiq | second | num | |
| ghiqtil | candle | n | |
| ghir | five | num | |
| ghirsholt | fifty | num | from five + ten |
| ghishojoq | sign (a mark or signal) | n | |
| ghojan | jump | v | |
| ghongto | felt | n | |
| ghoqor | reason | n | |
| ghorir | shout | v | |
| ghoroz | down | adv | |
| ghorsot | grass | n | |
| ghorult | ago | adv | |
| ghuboghan | club (weapon) | n | |
| ghulnol | teach | v | |
| ghulqay | wild | adj | |
| ghumagut | servant | n | |
| ghun | eight | num | |
| ghunsholt | eighty | num | from eight + ten |
| ghusim | boil | v | |
| ghutunt | needle | n | |
| ghuynaraq | hour | n | |
| gidanmom | iron | n | |
| gikaq | faith | n | |
| giktar | spring | n | |
| ginmal | skill | n | |
| girbol | two-year-old horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| girqak | chisel | n | |
| girson | gentle | adj | |
| goguq | right (side) | n | |
| göjürner | verse | n | |
| görüm | often | adv | |
| goslushal | profit | n | |
| goy | they | pron | |
| goy | them | pron | |
| goynuk | their | pron | |
| goysorut | punishment | n | |
| gügi | middle | n | |
| gumut | command | v | |
| gunrun | hope | n/v | |
| gurisbing | flock | n | |
| guygar | rainbow | n | |
| ichel | wise | adj | |
| ijoz | rib | n | |
| ikdem | listen | v | |
| ikok | autumn | n | |
| ilnok | fast | adj | |
| ilrakhaq | herdsman | n | |
| inban | proverb | n | |
| ingda | exile | n | |
| inghakat | crossroads | n | |
| ingkunra | horse promised to the sky | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| iqyi | pig | n | |
| irger | eagle | n | |
| irnal | without | prep | |
| irqaq | yew | n | |
| irshor | pot | n | |
| ishor | the Wide Blue (the sky as god) | n | |
| iskey | because | conj | |
| iy | or | conj | |
| iygar | wall | n | |
| izül | tribe | n | |
| jagort | aunt | n | |
| jakgus | alive | adj | |
| jal | fourth | num | |
| jalchar | go | v | |
| janor | branch | n | |
| janshiz | shaman | n | |
| jaqduy | slowly | adv | |
| jarol | write | v | |
| jasdong | wash | v | |
| jashiz | porridge | n | |
| jazo | chin | n | |
| jelilt | star | n | |
| jelmit | back | adv | |
| jesösh | meat | n | |
| jidan | tithe | n | |
| jidol | shame | n | |
| jikhung | again | adv | |
| jilmu | wolf | n | |
| jilosh | big | adj | |
| jilshas | fisherman | n | |
| jimart | soup | n | |
| jinget | underworld | n | |
| jingsal | pay | v | |
| jirgo | answer | n/v | |
| jishiknon | cart | n | in place of 'car' |
| jishot | summer | n | |
| jishüng | tavern | n | |
| jiyung | help | n/v | |
| jochaz | gold | n | |
| jochur | nut | n | |
| jodong | flood | n | |
| jokha | truce | n | |
| jolat | feed | v | |
| jönber | wet | adj | |
| jongin | box | n | |
| jongloq | daughter | n | |
| joshunt | shelter | n | |
| jotant | defend | v | |
| joyoz | while | conj | |
| jujiltam | key | n | |
| jukart | knee | n | |
| jukash | strong | adj | |
| jukol | call | v | |
| jukul | worm | n | |
| julgor | most | det | |
| julshan | very | adv | |
| jült | several | det | |
| julzor | bench | n | |
| jum | than | conj | |
| jundo | cook | v | |
| jungrur | ready | adj | |
| junsoq | cheek | n | |
| junumung | place | n | |
| junziz | even | adv | |
| juq | sell | v | |
| juqnang | well (for water) | n | |
| jursinjoy | century | n | |
| juryusa | bowstring | n | |
| jutan | round | adj | |
| kachom | cost | v | |
| kagu | own | adj | |
| kakghun | husband | n | |
| kargotart | trade | n | |
| kargush | heavy | adj | |
| karyont | hair | n | |
| keben | hello | interj | |
| kerkirt | donkey | n | |
| keshiy | field | n | |
| khabish | next | adj | |
| khacha | lead | v | |
| khadoq | priest | n | |
| khajat | work | n/v | |
| khalgar | walk | v | |
| khamonju | singer | n | |
| khargat | cry, weep | v | |
| kharnaz | mercy | n | |
| khasaryiq | joke | n | |
| khaslul | weaver | n | |
| khasmar | enough | adv | |
| khasul | straight | adj | |
| khasum | thunder | n | |
| khibong | spoon | n | |
| khijun | bread | n | |
| khiktir | duck | n | |
| khilak | market | n | |
| khilbin | those | det | |
| khilzun | sea | n | |
| khinal | ruin | n | |
| khinart | current (of water) | n | |
| khinuz | open | v | |
| khokibaz | nephew | n | |
| kholabirt | lance | n | |
| kholoq | different | adj | |
| khonrolom | niece | n | |
| khonror | traveler | n | |
| khorbor | brick | n | |
| khorbur | body | n | |
| khormor | woman | n | |
| khubiq | happy | adj | |
| khudong | every | det | |
| khudongchaklaq | everyone | pron | |
| khudongjunumung | everywhere | adv | from every + place |
| khudongzilbö | everything | pron | |
| khudul | will, shall (future) | aux | grammar |
| khugam | foot | n | |
| khukho | trunk (of a tree) | n | |
| khulosh | attack | v | |
| khult | fifth | num | |
| khurang | inside | prep | |
| khurnir | kiss | v | |
| khurom | outside | prep | |
| khusnik | early | adj | |
| khusut | anchor | n | |
| khuybon | yellow | adj | |
| khuyish | lung | n | |
| khuzult | finger | n | |
| kichas | sword | n | |
| kichediz | army | n | |
| kijö | sister | n | |
| kikak | head | n | |
| kikhut | keep | v | |
| kilor | sad | adj | |
| kimumil | racehorse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| kingzin | these | det | |
| kirghon | ripe | adj | |
| kirlang | ashes | n | |
| kirnang | omen | n | |
| kirnun | around | prep | |
| kirsaz | animal | n | |
| kishüzö | goods | n | |
| kisilt | toward | prep | |
| kiskhon | pear | n | |
| kochaq | carry | v | |
| kökgenlör | mule | n | |
| kokror | steppe (the Grass Sea) | n | |
| koldat | easy | adj | |
| kölmöt | queen | n | |
| kolnas | use | v | |
| kongkoba | horn | n | |
| konjush | oats | n | |
| koqlat | hunt | v | |
| koroz | fly | v | |
| kosgis | swim | v | |
| kösnüs | west | n | |
| közök | still, yet | adv | |
| kukugo | morning | n | |
| kulart | smooth | adj | |
| kunbal | noise | n | |
| kunjos | side | n | |
| kunmo | never | adv | |
| kuq | two | num | |
| kuqnang | trust | v | |
| kuqsholt | twenty | num | |
| kurkhaz | small | adj | |
| kurluq | ditch | n | |
| kurtaq | blessing | n | |
| kurtolt | heat | n | |
| kushush | tool | n | |
| küsil | ugly | adj | |
| küsnis | punish | v | |
| kusos | power | n | |
| kusoy | mud | n | |
| macholt | soft | adj | |
| madosh | dish | n | |
| magobong | clothes | n | |
| maguy | crop | n | |
| malgon | black horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| maljit | rumor | n | |
| malkot | stream | n | |
| malqung | yearling (a one-year-old horse) | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| mangribal | leather | n | |
| mangzul | sour | adj | |
| mankuz | forgive | v | |
| manuq | meal | n | |
| maraz | red | adj | |
| marir | plant (put in the ground) | v | |
| marlul | today | adv | |
| marnurt | skin | n | |
| maylal | each | det | |
| mechök | beyond | prep | |
| mekyert | hide | v | |
| menbötin | nest | n | |
| midal | tree | n | |
| midar | hang | v | |
| mighuk | dream | n | |
| milbom | play | v | |
| milor | beard | n | |
| milsilnur | sound | n | |
| minshiz | nettle | n | |
| miysaq | ring | n | |
| mizun | tired | adj | |
| mogam | sand | n | |
| mokdal | corpse | n | |
| mökgün | clean | adj | |
| mokloq | other | det | |
| molalt | dead | adj | |
| molsay | sausage | n | |
| moluyan | tide | n | |
| monmay | along | prep | |
| moqchon | that | det | |
| morsham | safe | adj | |
| moso | message | n | |
| möstigek | flute | n | |
| moyingyuz | hostage | n | |
| möykey | barrel | n | |
| moyna | copper | n | |
| mozil | belly | n | |
| muboq | false | adj | |
| muchat | cave | n | |
| muchotar | thief | n | |
| müdöng | bath | n | |
| mughabu | child | n | |
| mugut | south | n | |
| mükchür | across | prep | |
| muklan | tonight | adv | |
| muksho | high | adj | |
| mülis | moment | n | |
| mulnort | live | v | |
| mulqon | hut | n | |
| mundogham | joy | n | |
| munmush | widow | n | |
| munranbal | pirate | n | |
| muqlor | friendship | n | |
| muqnult | old horse put out to grass | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| muroy | crime | n | |
| mursatu | monk | n | |
| musok | bed | n | |
| muyaz | should | aux | |
| muyshik | smell | v | |
| nachor | bleed | v | |
| nakhalt | tune | n | |
| nangban | wealth | n | |
| nangro | floor | n | |
| nangsit | worship | v | |
| nankoshon | brother | n | |
| narshor | lock | n | |
| nayarmor | plow | n | |
| nergil | honest | adj | |
| nimart | seek | v | |
| ninasla | news | n | |
| nintang | east | n | |
| niros | guilt | n | |
| nirt | heart | n | |
| nirtül | voyage | n | |
| nobiq | begin | v | |
| nobun | generation | n | |
| nolrang | midnight | n | |
| nonmoz | plan | n | |
| nönsöcher | harp | n | |
| norar | forget | v | |
| notal | altar | n | |
| nöyreng | show | v | |
| nöyür | bad | adj | |
| nozarqosh | hen | n | |
| nüjim | taste | v | |
| nujos | wife | n | |
| nulilzuq | traitor | n | |
| nulnosh | nose | n | |
| nurjo | table | n | |
| nüshü | black | adj | |
| nüsüng | maybe | adv | |
| nutas | reward | n | |
| nuyoq | fight | n/v | |
| nüzölt | always | adv | |
| öchin | pond | n | |
| ochor | linen | n | |
| ochut | true | adj | |
| odart | baby | n | |
| odayas | captain of a hundred | n | |
| ogar | come | v | |
| ojis | saddle | n | |
| okjut | rope | n | |
| olghosh | chase | v | |
| olmal | both | det | |
| olnik | meet | v | |
| olriq | chief of a tribe (old "khan") | n | |
| onghum | bone | n | |
| ongrir | young | adj | |
| ongtut | banner | n | |
| onlun | dark | adj | |
| oqran | danger | n | |
| orangzos | task | n | |
| orchong | cheese | n | |
| ördish | snow | n | |
| orkhus | vinegar | n | |
| orlas | green | adj | |
| orsolyart | carpenter | n | |
| oshik | arm | n | |
| öszüyken | winter | n | |
| oyjit | mushroom | n | |
| oykhot | bring | v | |
| oymun | teacher | n | |
| qay | where | adv | |
| qinush | which | pron | |
| qis | how | adv | |
| qis shusa | how much, how many | adv | |
| qon | who | pron | |
| qosh | why | adv | |
| quros | what | pron | |
| qush | when | adv | |
| sabos | witness | n | |
| sachak | sun | n | |
| sajot | salt | n | |
| salbos | instead | adv | |
| salbuy | fear | n/v | |
| salrult | color | n | |
| sanban | barn | n | |
| sanmoq | future (time to come) | n | |
| sanutur | noon | n | |
| sanzan | just, only | adv | |
| saq | but | conj | |
| saqkhik | tomorrow | adv | |
| saqkil | sick | adj | |
| saqla | welcome | interj | |
| saqol | claw | n | |
| saqrat | last | adj | |
| sarlun | justice | n | |
| sarmo | broken | adj | |
| sarsakiy | arrow | n | |
| sarult | say | v | |
| sashiy | spend | v | |
| sasosh | serve | v | |
| satoqik | pack-horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| sekmir | chestnut horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| seknen | cherry | n | |
| senölrön | defeat | n | |
| sesish | rough | adj | |
| shabul | comb | n | |
| shadun | weak | adj | |
| shaghiski | wall (of stone) | n | |
| shakhit | air | n | |
| shakis | sit | v | |
| shalmirga | girl | n | |
| shalrodan | innkeeper | n | |
| shamont | water | n | |
| shanak | river | n | |
| shangun | bitter | adj | |
| shanir | mistake | n | |
| sharakut | scythe | n | |
| sharas | father | n | |
| sharmo | choose | v | |
| sharoy | plain | n | |
| sharyaq | shield | n | |
| shayi | light (brightness) | n | |
| shaz | eye | n | |
| shebish | give | v | |
| sheden | hunger | n | |
| shelt | twice | adv | |
| sheren | earth, soil | n | |
| shilt | once | adv | |
| shimüs | sweat | n | |
| shirashiz | steel | n | |
| shishar | sheep | n | |
| shisol | tongue | n | |
| shiygöl | herd of horses | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| shöchek | feel | v | |
| shogas | hard | adj | |
| shoghul | scribe | n | |
| shojik | bird | n | |
| shokqaq | wave | n | |
| shokquq | in | prep | |
| sholt | ten | num | |
| shomuqas | death | n | |
| shönt | protect | v | |
| shoqasik | part | n | |
| shoral | rain | n | |
| shorja | slow | adj | |
| shoshon | decide | v | |
| shöshüt | weather | n | |
| shösiz | shape | n | |
| shöstüs | buy | v | |
| shotuy | hate | v | |
| shöyzertö | sorry | interj | |
| shugar | herb | n | |
| shugay | touch | v | |
| shugul | almost | adv | |
| shujit | eat | v | |
| shukaz | food | n | |
| shukhit | lion | n | |
| shulbal | moon | n | |
| shulni | send | v | |
| shulno | whip | n | |
| shult | zero | num | |
| shunak | people | n | |
| shunul | yesterday | adv | |
| shuqdun | deck | n | |
| shur | three | num | |
| shurmo | let | v | |
| shüröl | thin | adj | |
| shurolt | ear | n | |
| shursholt | thirty | num | from three + ten |
| shus | there | adv | |
| shusa | many | det | |
| shutang | crowd | n | |
| shutum | climb | v | |
| shüzeng | shoulder | n | |
| sibarjo | dog | n | |
| siboy | tax | n | |
| sibush | acorn | n | |
| sighiymus | riddle | n | |
| sikeresh | journey | n | |
| sikqit | quiet | adj | |
| sikuk | bless | v | |
| silqot | have | v | |
| simelt | blind | adj | |
| simult | white | adj | |
| sinchin | away | adv | |
| sinjüz | cloud | n | |
| sinlak | man | n | |
| siqbut | stranger | n | |
| siristüng | pilgrim | n | |
| sisrat | beside | prep | |
| sisüng | goodbye | interj | |
| sitoq | thread | n | |
| siyash | promise | v | |
| sizong | grief | n | |
| sobik | some | det | |
| sobikchaklaq | someone | pron | |
| sobikjunumung | somewhere | adv | from some + place |
| sobikzilbö | something | pron | |
| sochalt | rat | n | |
| söge | agree | v | |
| soldus | mouth | n | |
| sölmö | cabbage | n | |
| solnak | music | n | |
| sölt | wear | v | |
| sömül | calf | n | |
| sonchoq | hay | n | |
| sonozil | hero | n | |
| sorbalt | apple | n | |
| sorchun | gift | n | |
| sörni | hook | n | |
| soroq | put | v | |
| sortot | road | n | |
| soruk | later | adv | |
| sosh | and | conj | |
| söslek | anger | n | |
| soyaqban | siege | n | |
| soymut | boy | n | |
| sugos | gray horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| sukhash | crab | n | |
| sultas | really, truly | adv | |
| sunkar | wide | adj | |
| sünler | owe | v | |
| sünmet | house | n | |
| sunmiz | do | v | |
| sunon | return | v | |
| sunsang | short | adj | |
| sunsus | felt tent | n | |
| süntesh | nail (metal spike) | n | |
| sünyen | cruel | adj | |
| suq | up | adv | |
| surchu | awake | adj | |
| surjaz | paper | n | |
| surluz | stand | v | |
| sürshil | hole | n | |
| sursush | peace | n | |
| süschel | pull | v | |
| süsgey | book | n | |
| süsök | mountain | n | |
| suybot | fresh | adj | |
| süykiz | wage | n | |
| suyrol | age (an era) | n | |
| suziktu | dove | n | |
| tabom | pray | v | |
| tachur | coin | n | |
| tagalghan | night | n | |
| taguq | much | det | |
| tajis | before | prep | |
| takchos | farmer | n | |
| takrol | more | det | |
| talraq | well | adv | |
| talun | push | v | |
| tamungnol | net | n | |
| tanor | city | n | |
| taqbut | new | adj | |
| taqis | skull | n | |
| taqshat | kind | adj | |
| tarosh | story | n | |
| tarur | must | aux | |
| taryul | dance | n/v | |
| tazing | mile | n | |
| teding | ask | v | |
| tejish | already | adv | |
| telgön | north | n | |
| tenkil | foolish | adj | |
| ternil | weed | n | |
| tesek | strange | adj | |
| tesh | one | num | |
| tiboz | remember | v | |
| tibuq | thirsty | adj | |
| tichar | healthy | adj | |
| tidönt | stay | v | |
| tijuq | on | prep | |
| tikhunt | against | prep | |
| tikusing | past (time gone by) | n | |
| tilzem | path | n | |
| tinbert | bright | adj | |
| tingür | mean | v | |
| tinre | forward | adv | |
| tiqmar | healer | n | |
| tirbonkur | evening | n | |
| tirma | horseshoe | n | |
| tirno | distance | n | |
| tischün | beehive | n | |
| tiylut | shell | n | |
| töchüsh | pillow | n | |
| todat | none | pron | |
| togart | look | v | |
| tögült | pity | n | |
| tokam | left | n | |
| tokas | family | n | |
| tokrilt | land, country | n | |
| toksasdaq | boat | n | |
| tolal | face | n | |
| tolmar | ruler of all the tribes (old "Khal") | n | |
| toltir | wedding | n | |
| tonchu | thick | adj | |
| tongsuk | throw | v | |
| tonir | rise | v | |
| tonkhoy | stone | n | |
| tonlal | thank you | interj | |
| tonloz | egg | n | |
| tonqot | under, below | prep | |
| tönshün | ridge | n | |
| tonujir | secret | n | |
| tönük | beak | n | |
| toq | to | prep | |
| toqzit | pasture | n | |
| torjoz | end | n | |
| torjuq | inheritance | n | |
| toryo | kitchen | n | |
| tosduz | trumpet | n | |
| totazalt | cousin | n | |
| totoq | soon | adv | |
| tsadiq | drop | v | |
| tsal | seven | num | |
| tsalsholt | seventy | num | from seven + ten |
| tsantor | flour | n | |
| tsardiq | garlic | n | |
| tsat | nine | num | |
| tsatsholt | ninety | num | from nine + ten |
| tsayut | escape | v | |
| tsaz | thousand | num | |
| tseriy | chair | n | |
| tsesh | no | interj | |
| tsingi | lamb | n | |
| tsir | willow | n | |
| tsirnasa | son | n | |
| tsirüsh | mare | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| tsoguk | until | prep | |
| tsök | six | num | |
| tsokhar | sharp | adj | |
| tsöksholt | sixty | num | from six + ten |
| tsol | not | adv | before the verb |
| tsol chaklaq | no one, nobody | pron | phrase: not + person |
| tsol junumung | nowhere | adv | phrase: not + place |
| tsol zilbö | nothing | pron | |
| tsolgu | blanket | n | |
| tsoqi | dirty | adj | |
| tsoqos | travel | v | |
| tsörlel | sing | v | |
| tsorlur | knife | n | |
| tsort | half | num | |
| tsujat | late | adj | |
| tsukdim | illness | n | |
| tsükrün | long | adj | |
| tsulil | ship | n | |
| tsulur | smoke | n | |
| tsunoz | horse with a white blaze | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| tsuqmis | dry | adj | |
| tsüsh | dozen | num | |
| tsüsnik | brow | n | |
| tuchiz | wood (material) | n | |
| tüchün | window | n | |
| tudang | butter | n | |
| tugan | love | n/v | |
| tujazar | time | n | |
| tüjen | know | v | |
| tukho | beautiful | adj | |
| tukish | mother | n | |
| tukrak | vine | n | |
| tulul | understand | v | |
| tunbint | grape | n | |
| tunsang | laugh | v | |
| tunziy | hold | v | |
| tuq | first | num | |
| tuqlir | loud | adj | |
| tuqnam | purple | adj | |
| tuqshal | debt | n | |
| turala | please | interj | |
| turang | slope | n | |
| turiq | this | det | |
| turmint | horse archer | n | |
| turor | sweet | adj | |
| turshat | angry | adj | |
| türsös | shelf | n | |
| turtilut | saiga | n | |
| turtis | sickle | n | |
| tusju | lie down | v | |
| tusomul | week | n | |
| tutonrish | lead mare of a herd | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| tutuk | quickly | adv | |
| tuyda | like | v | |
| tüygüz | move | v | |
| tüzöy | marry | v | |
| uchuy | same | adj | |
| ukiyan | ladder | n | |
| ulgak | shop | n | |
| ulgin | make | v | |
| ulsa | lazy | adj | |
| ulshir | drought | n | |
| ultoy | saw (tool) | n | |
| uqgint | deep | adj | |
| urdoshult | day | n | |
| ürnöl | mouse | n | |
| urolt | honey | n | |
| ütösh | lame horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| uynor | count | v | |
| uysat | die | v | |
| yadu | coffin | n | |
| yagong | tell | v | |
| yakhilt | cow | n | |
| yakmirt | want | v | |
| yalang | get | v | |
| yalmar | difficult | adj | |
| yalnan | sleep | n/v | |
| yantiq | bow | n | |
| yantong | birch | n | |
| yarbort | horse | n | |
| yargar | shoot | v | |
| yarghal | master (of a house or craft) | n | |
| yarir | low | adj | |
| yarming | song | n | |
| yarmuq | brew | v | |
| yashun | feast | n | |
| yaso | wrong | adj | |
| yatort | door | n | |
| yebing | unless | conj | |
| yedit | money | n | |
| yegelt | kneel | v | |
| yekeng | dig | v | |
| yekröng | clover | n | |
| yelt | third | num | |
| yelün | few | det | |
| yenelt | fat | adj | |
| yerez | good | adj | |
| yiden | fire | n | |
| yikhuk | mourn | v | |
| yimölt | prison | n | |
| yinbak | fair (a market gathering) | n | |
| yingak | oil | n | |
| yinuqish | idea | n | |
| yiqaq | busy | adj | |
| yir | we | pron | |
| yir | us | pron | |
| yirba | grain | n | |
| yirjam | toll | n | |
| yirnuk | our | pron | |
| yirshir | hail | n | |
| yisduq | fast horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| yise | forest | n | |
| yochoq | guest | n | |
| yodant | dagger | n | |
| yogonan | soldier | n | |
| yokshal | world | n | |
| yokyat | home | n | |
| yolajan | fly (insect) | n | |
| yolghus | tail | n | |
| yolir | straw | n | |
| yolshinaq | hawk | n | |
| yonaq | chain | n | |
| yönchöl | cut | v | |
| yonchun | month | n | |
| yönim | meadow | n | |
| yonkhaz | with | prep | |
| yorsiy | cloth | n | |
| yört | if | conj | |
| yorul | fermented mare's milk | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| yosghan | funeral | n | |
| yoshiq | neighbor | n | |
| yoskal | piebald horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| yosqam | lose | v | |
| yoto | uncle | n | |
| yoygus | war-horse | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| yöying | dye | n | |
| yubuq | weave | v | |
| yüchit | bride | n | |
| yulnus | enemy | n | |
| yulsiy | flat | adj | |
| yungyas | revenge | n | |
| yuno | happen | v | |
| yununkir | law | n | |
| yuqga | peddler | n | |
| yuqshut | seed | n | |
| yürkel | at | prep | |
| yut | run | v | |
| yutis | rest | n/v | |
| yutos | soul | n | |
| zachal | firewood | n | |
| zaghis | burn | v | |
| zaghum | sky | n | |
| zalosh | ale | n | in place of 'beer' |
| zalronju | life | n | |
| zanglut | war | n | |
| zanilt | light (not heavy) | adj | |
| zanmat | sew | v | |
| zardu | tall | adj | |
| zarmar | clever | adj | |
| zarqak | messenger | n | |
| zasik | find | v | |
| zesh | now | adv | |
| zigat | chest | n | |
| zilbö | thing | n | |
| zilok | basket | n | |
| zinan | loom | n | |
| zinbart | blade | n | |
| ziqas | nun | n | |
| zirdak | knot | n | |
| zirert | cat | n | |
| zobash | bridle | n | |
| zoka | pale | adj | |
| zokhit | fleet | n | |
| zolosh | spare horse (the remount a rider leads) | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| zonris | hurt | v | |
| zoq | hundred | num | |
| zoqin | arrow-flight (the sound of arrows) | n | |
| zoruz | brave | adj | |
| zosbasas | silver | n | |
| zosha | tear (from the eye) | n | |
| zoshachun | wing | n | |
| zosong | smile | v | |
| zöt | hill | n | |
| zotarosh | trouble | n | |
| zotung | horse given between tribes | n | one of the thirty words for horse |
| zuldurmi | boar | n | |
| zultay | heaven | n | |
| zurdurt | stable | n | |
| — | the | art | |
| — | a, an | art | |
| — | you (to the king) | pron | royal |
| — | be | v | also grammar |
8. Dictionary: English to Cherüsh
| English | Cherüsh | Part of speech |
|---|---|---|
| a, an | — | art |
| about | daqtol | prep |
| acorn | sibush | n |
| across | mükchür | prep |
| afraid | bobiq | adj |
| after | bamash | prep |
| afternoon | dodornurt | n |
| again | jikhung | adv |
| against | tikhunt | prep |
| age (an era) | suyrol | n |
| ago | ghorult | adv |
| agree | söge | v |
| agreed, all right | bebenjes | interj |
| air | shakhit | n |
| ale | zalosh | n |
| alive | jakgus | adj |
| all | binraq | det |
| ally | changqo | n |
| almost | shugul | adv |
| alone | biknur | adj |
| along | monmay | prep |
| already | tejish | adv |
| also | chengil | adv |
| altar | notal | n |
| although | elrüt | conj |
| always | nüzölt | adv |
| ambush | chosik | n |
| among | chugos | prep |
| anchor | khusut | n |
| and | sosh | conj |
| anger | söslek | n |
| angry | turshat | adj |
| animal | kirsaz | n |
| answer | jirgo | n/v |
| ant | diling | n |
| any | ghaq | det |
| anyone | ghaqchaklaq | pron |
| anything | ghaqzilbö | pron |
| apple | sorbalt | n |
| arm | oshik | n |
| armor | dukyuq | n |
| army | kichediz | n |
| around | kirnun | prep |
| arrive | chöter | v |
| arrow | sarsakiy | n |
| arrow-flight (the sound of arrows) | zoqin | n |
| ashes | kirlang | n |
| ask | teding | v |
| at | yürkel | prep |
| attack | khulosh | v |
| aunt | jagort | n |
| autumn | ikok | n |
| awake | surchu | adj |
| away | sinchin | adv |
| baby | odart | n |
| back | jelmit | adv |
| back (body) | boqa | n |
| bad | nöyür | adj |
| bake | dibas | v |
| baker | dirnak | n |
| banner | ongtut | n |
| barn | sanban | n |
| barrel | möykey | n |
| basket | zilok | n |
| bath | müdöng | n |
| battle | agun | n |
| bay horse | böküye | n |
| be | — | v |
| beak | tönük | n |
| beam (of wood) | anlart | n |
| bean | dartas | n |
| beard | milor | n |
| beautiful | tukho | adj |
| because | iskey | conj |
| become | bilchan | v |
| bed | musok | n |
| bee | daldidish | n |
| beehive | tischün | n |
| before | tajis | prep |
| beggar | burkaq | n |
| begin | nobiq | v |
| behind | akriy | prep |
| believe | gartot | v |
| bell | chalar | n |
| belly | mozil | n |
| bench | julzor | n |
| berry | dolmas | n |
| beside | sisrat | prep |
| between | chunoq | prep |
| beyond | mechök | prep |
| big | jilosh | adj |
| birch | yantong | n |
| bird | shojik | n |
| bitter | shangun | adj |
| black | nüshü | adj |
| black horse | malgon | n |
| blade | zinbart | n |
| blame | bülshür | n |
| blanket | tsolgu | n |
| bleed | nachor | v |
| bless | sikuk | v |
| blessing | kurtaq | n |
| blind | simelt | adj |
| blood | choq | n |
| blue | bikmir | adj |
| blue | bikmir | adj |
| boar | zuldurmi | n |
| boat | toksasdaq | n |
| body | khorbur | n |
| boil | ghusim | v |
| bone | onghum | n |
| book | süsgey | n |
| both | olmal | det |
| bow | yantiq | n |
| bowstring | juryusa | n |
| box | jongin | n |
| boy | soymut | n |
| branch | janor | n |
| brave | zoruz | adj |
| bread | khijun | n |
| break | gezöt | v |
| brew | yarmuq | v |
| brick | khorbor | n |
| bride | yüchit | n |
| bridegroom | chukogul | n |
| bridge | chadilt | n |
| bridle | zobash | n |
| bright | tinbert | adj |
| bring | oykhot | v |
| broken | sarmo | adj |
| bronze | bornak | n |
| brother | nankoshon | n |
| brow | tsüsnik | n |
| brown | charja | adj |
| build | churun | v |
| burn | zaghis | v |
| bury | chalor | v |
| bush | chakhal | n |
| busy | yiqaq | adj |
| but | saq | conj |
| butter | tudang | n |
| buy | shöstüs | v |
| by | binrös | prep |
| cabbage | sölmö | n |
| calf | sömül | n |
| call | jukol | v |
| calm | bichunt | adj |
| can, be able | dayuy | aux |
| candle | ghiqtil | n |
| captain of a hundred | odayas | n |
| carpenter | orsolyart | n |
| carry | kochaq | v |
| cart | jishiknon | n |
| cat | zirert | n |
| catch | ghadang | v |
| cave | muchat | n |
| century | jursinjoy | n |
| chain | yonaq | n |
| chair | tseriy | n |
| change | chutaq | v |
| chase | olghosh | v |
| cheap | ghasdur | adj |
| cheek | junsoq | n |
| cheese | orchong | n |
| cherry | seknen | n |
| chest | zigat | n |
| chestnut horse | sekmir | n |
| chief of a tribe (old "khan") | olriq | n |
| child | mughabu | n |
| chin | jazo | n |
| chisel | girqak | n |
| choose | sharmo | v |
| city | tanor | n |
| claw | saqol | n |
| clean | mökgün | adj |
| clever | zarmar | adj |
| climb | shutum | v |
| close | direl | v |
| cloth | yorsiy | n |
| clothes | magobong | n |
| cloud | sinjüz | n |
| clover | yekröng | n |
| club (weapon) | ghuboghan | n |
| coffin | yadu | n |
| coin | tachur | n |
| cold | chaktay | adj |
| color | salrult | n |
| comb | shabul | n |
| come | ogar | v |
| command | gumut | v |
| cook | jundo | v |
| copper | moyna | n |
| corner | chorish | n |
| corpse | mokdal | n |
| cost | kachom | v |
| count | uynor | v |
| court (of law) | bochik | n |
| cousin | totazalt | n |
| cow | yakhilt | n |
| crab | sukhash | n |
| cradle | gashos | n |
| crime | muroy | n |
| crop | maguy | n |
| crossroads | inghakat | n |
| crowd | shutang | n |
| cruel | sünyen | adj |
| cry, weep | khargat | v |
| cup | gangat | n |
| current (of water) | khinart | n |
| curse | ghatat | n |
| cut | yönchöl | v |
| dagger | yodant | n |
| dance | taryul | n/v |
| danger | oqran | n |
| dark | onlun | adj |
| daughter | jongloq | n |
| day | urdoshult | n |
| dead | molalt | adj |
| deaf | dantur | adj |
| dear | dashot | adj |
| death | shomuqas | n |
| debt | tuqshal | n |
| decide | shoshon | v |
| deck | shuqdun | n |
| deep | uqgint | adj |
| defeat | senölrön | n |
| defend | jotant | v |
| die | uysat | v |
| different | kholoq | adj |
| difficult | yalmar | adj |
| dig | yekeng | v |
| dirty | tsoqi | adj |
| dish | madosh | n |
| distance | tirno | n |
| ditch | kurluq | n |
| do | sunmiz | v |
| dog | sibarjo | n |
| donkey | kerkirt | n |
| door | yatort | n |
| dove | suziktu | n |
| down | ghoroz | adv |
| dozen | tsüsh | num |
| dream | mighuk | n |
| drink | engrir | n/v |
| drop | tsadiq | v |
| drought | ulshir | n |
| drum | bagoq | n |
| dry | tsuqmis | adj |
| duck | khiktir | n |
| dun horse | ghakhut | n |
| dust | aykhaq | n |
| dye | yöying | n |
| each | maylal | det |
| eagle | irger | n |
| ear | shurolt | n |
| early | khusnik | adj |
| earn | döyze | v |
| earth, soil | sheren | n |
| east | nintang | n |
| easy | koldat | adj |
| eat | shujit | v |
| egg | tonloz | n |
| eight | ghun | num |
| eighty | ghunsholt | num |
| elbow | atart | n |
| end | torjoz | n |
| enemy | yulnus | n |
| enough | khasmar | adv |
| enter | dozurt | v |
| escape | tsayut | v |
| even | junziz | adv |
| evening | tirbonkur | n |
| every | khudong | det |
| everyone | khudongchaklaq | pron |
| everything | khudongzilbö | pron |
| everywhere | khudongjunumung | adv |
| exile | ingda | n |
| eye | shaz | n |
| face | tolal | n |
| fair (a market gathering) | yinbak | n |
| faith | gikaq | n |
| fall | doknan | v |
| false | muboq | adj |
| family | tokas | n |
| far | danmoy | adj |
| farmer | takchos | n |
| fast | ilnok | adj |
| fast horse | yisduq | n |
| fat | yenelt | adj |
| father | sharas | n |
| fear | salbuy | n/v |
| feast | yashun | n |
| feed | jolat | v |
| feel | shöchek | v |
| felt | ghongto | n |
| felt tent | sunsus | n |
| fence | anraz | n |
| fermented mare's milk | yorul | n |
| festival | chaqyos | n |
| few | yelün | det |
| field | keshiy | n |
| fifth | khult | num |
| fifty | ghirsholt | num |
| fight | nuyoq | n/v |
| fill | dusush | v |
| find | zasik | v |
| fine (a penalty) | bocham | n |
| finger | khuzult | n |
| finish | chönshe | v |
| fire | yiden | n |
| firewood | zachal | n |
| first | tuq | num |
| fish | chuymas | n |
| fisherman | jilshas | n |
| fist | gengjös | n |
| five | ghir | num |
| flat | yulsiy | adj |
| fleet | zokhit | n |
| flesh | bonyam | n |
| flock | gurisbing | n |
| flood | jodong | n |
| floor | nangro | n |
| flour | tsantor | n |
| flower | gerkük | n |
| flute | möstigek | n |
| fly | koroz | v |
| fly (insect) | yolajan | n |
| foal | benlin | n |
| follow | bichil | v |
| food | shukaz | n |
| foolish | tenkil | adj |
| foot | khugam | n |
| for | ghaduk | prep |
| ford | chetin | n |
| forest | yise | n |
| forget | norar | v |
| forgive | mankuz | v |
| forty | boqsholt | num |
| forward | tinre | adv |
| four | boq | num |
| fourth | jal | num |
| free | cherüsh | adj |
| free | cherüsh | adj |
| fresh | suybot | adj |
| friend | gegös | n |
| friendship | muqlor | n |
| frog | gechiz | n |
| from | darkhaq | prep |
| fruit | chüshö | n |
| full | chunloz | adj |
| funeral | yosghan | n |
| future (time to come) | sanmoq | n |
| game | akush | n |
| garlic | tsardiq | n |
| gather | chorza | v |
| gelding | azont | n |
| generation | nobun | n |
| gentle | girson | adj |
| get | yalang | v |
| ghost | chosyay | n |
| gift | sorchun | n |
| girl | shalmirga | n |
| give | shebish | v |
| go | jalchar | v |
| god | alkhor | n |
| gold | jochaz | n |
| good | yerez | adj |
| goodbye | sisüng | interj |
| goods | kishüzö | n |
| goose | chuza | n |
| grain | yirba | n |
| grape | tunbint | n |
| grass | ghorsot | n |
| gray | chortus | adj |
| gray horse | sugos | n |
| great camp (old "Orda") | buyor | n |
| green | orlas | adj |
| grief | sizong | n |
| grow | dorur | v |
| guest | yochoq | n |
| guilt | niros | n |
| hail | yirshir | n |
| hair | karyont | n |
| half | tsort | num |
| hand | bachom | n |
| handle | dola | n |
| hang | midar | v |
| happen | yuno | v |
| happy | khubiq | adj |
| hard | shogas | adj |
| harp | nönsöcher | n |
| hate | shotuy | v |
| have | silqot | v |
| hawk | yolshinaq | n |
| hay | sonchoq | n |
| he | gaq | pron |
| head | kikak | n |
| healer | tiqmar | n |
| healthy | tichar | adj |
| hear | chunur | v |
| heart | nirt | n |
| hearth | chonuq | n |
| heat | kurtolt | n |
| heaven | zultay | n |
| heavy | kargush | adj |
| heir | chölben | n |
| hello | keben | interj |
| help | jiyung | n/v |
| hen | nozarqosh | n |
| her | gaq | pron |
| herb | shugar | n |
| herd of horses | shiygöl | n |
| herdsman | ilrakhaq | n |
| here | ghilt | adv |
| hero | sonozil | n |
| hide | mekyert | v |
| high | muksho | adj |
| hill | zöt | n |
| him | gaq | pron |
| his | gaqnuk | pron |
| hit, strike | chanar | v |
| hold | tunziy | v |
| hole | sürshil | n |
| home | yokyat | n |
| honest | nergil | adj |
| honey | urolt | n |
| honor | bachumash | n |
| hoof | butadut | n |
| hook | sörni | n |
| hope | gunrun | n/v |
| horn | kongkoba | n |
| horse | yarbort | n |
| horse archer | turmint | n |
| horse given between tribes | zotung | n |
| horse promised to the sky | ingkunra | n |
| horse that has carried a dead rider | gadan | n |
| horse that knows its way home | balultos | n |
| horse too wild to ride | ersül | n |
| horse with a white blaze | tsunoz | n |
| horseshoe | tirma | n |
| hostage | moyingyuz | n |
| hot | getis | adj |
| hour | ghuynaraq | n |
| house | sünmet | n |
| how | qis | adv |
| how much, how many | qis shusa | adv |
| hundred | zoq | num |
| hunger | sheden | n |
| hungry | buquq | adj |
| hunt | koqlat | v |
| hurt | zonris | v |
| husband | kakghun | n |
| hut | mulqon | n |
| I | chesh | pron |
| idea | yinuqish | n |
| if | yört | conj |
| illness | tsukdim | n |
| important | düldöt | adj |
| in | shokquq | prep |
| inheritance | torjuq | n |
| inn | chotolt | n |
| innkeeper | shalrodan | n |
| inside | khurang | prep |
| instead | salbos | adv |
| into | doq | prep |
| iron | gidanmom | n |
| it | gaq | pron |
| ivy | anik | n |
| jar | barqibir | n |
| joke | khasaryiq | n |
| journey | sikeresh | n |
| joy | mundogham | n |
| judge | chonrotan | n |
| jug | baqna | n |
| jump | ghojan | v |
| just, only | sanzan | adv |
| justice | sarlun | n |
| keep | kikhut | v |
| key | jujiltam | n |
| kill | ghatart | v |
| kind | taqshat | adj |
| kind (type) | esiz | n |
| king | diydos | n |
| kiss | khurnir | v |
| kitchen | toryo | n |
| knee | jukart | n |
| kneel | yegelt | v |
| knife | tsorlur | n |
| knot | zirdak | n |
| know | tüjen | v |
| ladder | ukiyan | n |
| lady | daynalun | n |
| lake | ghaqay | n |
| lamb | tsingi | n |
| lame horse | ütösh | n |
| lance | kholabirt | n |
| land, country | tokrilt | n |
| last | saqrat | adj |
| late | tsujat | adj |
| later | soruk | adv |
| laugh | tunsang | v |
| law | yununkir | n |
| lazy | ulsa | adj |
| lead | khacha | v |
| lead mare of a herd | tutonrish | n |
| learn | birner | v |
| leather | mangribal | n |
| leave | chenmün | v |
| left | tokam | n |
| leg | dosang | n |
| legend | baghuy | n |
| let | shurmo | v |
| letter | chalur | n |
| lie (deceive) | chilong | v |
| lie down | tusju | v |
| life | zalronju | n |
| light (brightness) | shayi | n |
| light (not heavy) | zanilt | adj |
| lightning | barliq | n |
| like | tuyda | v |
| linen | ochor | n |
| lion | shukhit | n |
| lip | chabart | n |
| listen | ikdem | v |
| live | mulnort | v |
| lock | narshor | n |
| long | tsükrün | adj |
| look | togart | v |
| loom | zinan | n |
| lord | ghilir | n |
| lose | yosqam | v |
| loud | tuqlir | adj |
| love | tugan | n/v |
| low | yarir | adj |
| luck | angsal | n |
| lung | khuyish | n |
| make | ulgin | v |
| man | sinlak | n |
| many | shusa | det |
| map | chaghil | n |
| mare | tsirüsh | n |
| market | khilak | n |
| marry | tüzöy | v |
| mast | gaguy | n |
| master (of a house or craft) | yarghal | n |
| may, might | amol | aux |
| maybe | nüsüng | adv |
| me | chesh | pron |
| meadow | yönim | n |
| meal | manuq | n |
| mean | tingür | v |
| meat | jesösh | n |
| meet | olnik | v |
| memory | babom | n |
| merchant | bumushor | n |
| mercy | kharnaz | n |
| message | moso | n |
| messenger | zarqak | n |
| middle | gügi | n |
| midnight | nolrang | n |
| mile | tazing | n |
| milk | bunbis | n |
| miller | chusotak | n |
| mistake | shanir | n |
| moment | mülis | n |
| money | yedit | n |
| monk | mursatu | n |
| month | yonchun | n |
| moon | shulbal | n |
| more | takrol | det |
| morning | kukugo | n |
| most | julgor | det |
| mother | tukish | n |
| mountain | süsök | n |
| mourn | yikhuk | v |
| mouse | ürnöl | n |
| mouth | soldus | n |
| move | tüygüz | v |
| much | taguq | det |
| mud | kusoy | n |
| mule | kökgenlör | n |
| mushroom | oyjit | n |
| music | solnak | n |
| must | tarur | aux |
| my | cheshnük | pron |
| nail (metal spike) | süntesh | n |
| name | besisü | n |
| near | aqlur | prep |
| neck | agant | n |
| need | ezöng | v |
| needle | ghutunt | n |
| neighbor | yoshiq | n |
| nephew | khokibaz | n |
| nest | menbötin | n |
| net | tamungnol | n |
| nettle | minshiz | n |
| never | kunmo | adv |
| new | taqbut | adj |
| news | ninasla | n |
| next | khabish | adj |
| niece | khonrolom | n |
| night | tagalghan | n |
| nine | tsat | num |
| ninety | tsatsholt | num |
| no | tsesh | interj |
| no one, nobody | tsol chaklaq | pron |
| noise | kunbal | n |
| none | todat | pron |
| noon | sanutur | n |
| north | telgön | n |
| nose | nulnosh | n |
| not | tsol | adv |
| nothing | tsol zilbö | pron |
| now | zesh | adv |
| nowhere | tsol junumung | adv |
| number | chülil | n |
| nun | ziqas | n |
| nut | jochur | n |
| oath | bumong | n |
| oats | konjush | n |
| obey | dutan | v |
| of | enish | prep |
| often | görüm | adv |
| oil | yingak | n |
| old | angsit | adj |
| old horse put out to grass | muqnult | n |
| omen | kirnang | n |
| on | tijuq | prep |
| once | shilt | adv |
| one | tesh | num |
| onion | etet | n |
| open | khinuz | v |
| or | iy | conj |
| orchard | chaktir | n |
| orphan | burkhin | n |
| other | mokloq | det |
| our | yirnuk | pron |
| out, out of | ansolt | prep |
| outside | khurom | prep |
| over, above | dangat | prep |
| owe | sünler | v |
| own | kagu | adj |
| ox | anshut | n |
| pack-horse | satoqik | n |
| pain | dunsho | n |
| pair | balt | num |
| pale | zoka | adj |
| paper | surjaz | n |
| parent | datult | n |
| part | shoqasik | n |
| past (time gone by) | tikusing | n |
| pasture | toqzit | n |
| path | tilzem | n |
| pay | jingsal | v |
| peace | sursush | n |
| pear | kiskhon | n |
| peddler | yuqga | n |
| people | shunak | n |
| person | chaklaq | n |
| piebald horse | yoskal | n |
| pig | iqyi | n |
| pilgrim | siristüng | n |
| pillow | töchüsh | n |
| pirate | munranbal | n |
| pity | tögült | n |
| place | junumung | n |
| plain | sharoy | n |
| plan | nonmoz | n |
| plant (put in the ground) | marir | v |
| play | milbom | v |
| please | turala | interj |
| plow | nayarmor | n |
| plunder | baniyrolt | n |
| pond | öchin | n |
| poor | bujo | adj |
| porridge | jashiz | n |
| pot | irshor | n |
| potter | bürlel | n |
| power | kusos | n |
| pray | tabom | v |
| prepare | chalir | v |
| price | dadirt | n |
| priest | khadoq | n |
| prison | yimölt | n |
| prisoner | ganil | n |
| profit | goslushal | n |
| promise | siyash | v |
| protect | shönt | v |
| proud | ditant | adj |
| proverb | inban | n |
| pull | süschel | v |
| punish | küsnis | v |
| punishment | goysorut | n |
| purple | tuqnam | adj |
| purse | chidochos | n |
| push | talun | v |
| put | soroq | v |
| quarrel | dorlostus | n |
| queen | kölmöt | n |
| question | bunrar | n |
| question particle | chotur | part |
| quickly | tutuk | adv |
| quiet | sikqit | adj |
| racehorse | kimumil | n |
| raft | dültür | n |
| rain | shoral | n |
| rainbow | guygar | n |
| rat | sochalt | n |
| raw | ghilum | adj |
| read | chigu | v |
| ready | jungrur | adj |
| really, truly | sultas | adv |
| realm of a ruler (old "Khanate") | charnazin | n |
| reason | ghoqor | n |
| red | maraz | adj |
| remember | tiboz | v |
| rest | yutis | n/v |
| return | sunon | v |
| revenge | yungyas | n |
| reward | nutas | n |
| rib | ijoz | n |
| rich | danor | adj |
| riddle | sighiymus | n |
| ride | döklen | v |
| rider | gesil | n |
| ridge | tönshün | n |
| right (side) | goguq | n |
| right, correct | akhot | adj |
| ring | miysaq | n |
| ripe | kirghon | adj |
| rise | tonir | v |
| river | shanak | n |
| road | sortot | n |
| roof | dabul | n |
| room | derget | n |
| rooster | daqurt | n |
| rope | okjut | n |
| rotten | charaz | adj |
| rough | sesish | adj |
| round | jutan | adj |
| ruin | khinal | n |
| rule (a law or custom) | chulaq | n |
| ruler of all the tribes (old "Khal") | tolmar | n |
| rumor | maljit | n |
| run | yut | v |
| sack | diguz | n |
| sad | kilor | adj |
| saddle | ojis | n |
| safe | morsham | adj |
| saiga | turtilut | n |
| salt | sajot | n |
| same | uchuy | adj |
| sand | mogam | n |
| sausage | molsay | n |
| saw (tool) | ultoy | n |
| say | sarult | v |
| scales (for weighing) | chobor | n |
| scribe | shoghul | n |
| scythe | sharakut | n |
| sea | khilzun | n |
| season | dangqoqki | n |
| second | ghiq | num |
| secret | tonujir | n |
| see | chint | v |
| seed | yuqshut | n |
| seek | nimart | v |
| sell | juq | v |
| send | shulni | v |
| servant | ghumagut | n |
| serve | sasosh | v |
| seven | tsal | num |
| seventy | tsalsholt | num |
| several | jült | det |
| sew | zanmat | v |
| shaman | janshiz | n |
| shame | jidol | n |
| shape | shösiz | n |
| share | chashuq | v |
| sharp | tsokhar | adj |
| she | gaq | pron |
| sheep | shishar | n |
| shelf | türsös | n |
| shell | tiylut | n |
| shelter | joshunt | n |
| shield | sharyaq | n |
| ship | tsulil | n |
| shoe | busgut | n |
| shoot | yargar | v |
| shop | ulgak | n |
| short | sunsang | adj |
| should | muyaz | aux |
| shoulder | shüzeng | n |
| shout | ghorir | v |
| show | nöyreng | v |
| sick | saqkil | adj |
| sickle | turtis | n |
| side | kunjos | n |
| siege | soyaqban | n |
| sign (a mark or signal) | ghishojoq | n |
| silver | zosbasas | n |
| sing | tsörlel | v |
| singer | khamonju | n |
| sink | dichesh | v |
| sister | kijö | n |
| sit | shakis | v |
| six | tsök | num |
| sixty | tsöksholt | num |
| size | angrort | n |
| skill | ginmal | n |
| skin | marnurt | n |
| skull | taqis | n |
| sky | zaghum | n |
| sleep | yalnan | n/v |
| slope | turang | n |
| slow | shorja | adj |
| slowly | jaqduy | adv |
| small | kurkhaz | adj |
| smell | muyshik | v |
| smile | zosong | v |
| smoke | tsulur | n |
| smooth | kulart | adj |
| snow | ördish | n |
| so, therefore | basmi | conj |
| soft | macholt | adj |
| soldier | yogonan | n |
| some | sobik | det |
| someone | sobikchaklaq | pron |
| something | sobikzilbö | pron |
| sometimes | bangnon | adv |
| somewhere | sobikjunumung | adv |
| son | tsirnasa | n |
| song | yarming | n |
| soon | totoq | adv |
| sorrow | danjik | n |
| sorry | shöyzertö | interj |
| soul | yutos | n |
| sound | milsilnur | n |
| soup | jimart | n |
| sour | mangzul | adj |
| south | mugut | n |
| spade | demil | n |
| spare horse (the remount a rider leads) | zolosh | n |
| speak, talk | charok | v |
| spend | sashiy | v |
| spider | butayuk | n |
| spin | buntul | v |
| spoon | khibong | n |
| spotted horse | gaghik | n |
| spring | giktar | n |
| stable | zurdurt | n |
| stall (in a market) | gakom | n |
| stallion | gantan | n |
| stand | surluz | v |
| star | jelilt | n |
| stay | tidönt | v |
| steal | gagur | v |
| steel | shirashiz | n |
| steppe (the Grass Sea) | kokror | n |
| still, yet | közök | adv |
| stone | tonkhoy | n |
| stop | chultom | v |
| story | tarosh | n |
| straight | khasul | adj |
| strange | tesek | adj |
| stranger | siqbut | n |
| straw | yolir | n |
| stream | malkot | n |
| strong | jukash | adj |
| student | dilisish | n |
| summer | jishot | n |
| sun | sachak | n |
| sure | chalsut | adj |
| sweat | shimüs | n |
| sweet | turor | adj |
| swim | kosgis | v |
| sword | kichas | n |
| table | nurjo | n |
| tail | yolghus | n |
| take | dimit | v |
| tall | zardu | adj |
| task | orangzos | n |
| taste | nüjim | v |
| tavern | jishüng | n |
| tax | siboy | n |
| teach | ghulnol | v |
| teacher | oymun | n |
| tear (from the eye) | zosha | n |
| tell | yagong | v |
| ten | sholt | num |
| than | jum | conj |
| thank you | tonlal | interj |
| that | moqchon | det |
| the | — | art |
| the Wide Blue (the sky as god) | ishor | n |
| their | goynuk | pron |
| them | goy | pron |
| then | bungim | adv |
| there | shus | adv |
| these | kingzin | det |
| they | goy | pron |
| thick | tonchu | adj |
| thief | muchotar | n |
| thin | shüröl | adj |
| thing | zilbö | n |
| think | gansam | v |
| third | yelt | num |
| thirsty | tibuq | adj |
| thirty | shursholt | num |
| this | turiq | det |
| those | khilbin | det |
| thousand | tsaz | num |
| thread | sitoq | n |
| three | shur | num |
| through | besing | prep |
| throw | tongsuk | v |
| thunder | khasum | n |
| tide | moluyan | n |
| tie | gerüsh | v |
| time | tujazar | n |
| tired | mizun | adj |
| tithe | jidan | n |
| to | toq | prep |
| today | marlul | adv |
| toe | dönish | n |
| together | chinmom | adv |
| toll | yirjam | n |
| tomorrow | saqkhik | adv |
| tongue | shisol | n |
| tonight | muklan | adv |
| too | chekü | adv |
| tool | kushush | n |
| tooth | chöling | n |
| touch | shugay | v |
| toward | kisilt | prep |
| town | doljal | n |
| trade | kargotart | n |
| traitor | nulilzuq | n |
| travel | tsoqos | v |
| traveler | khonror | n |
| tree | midal | n |
| tribe | izül | n |
| tribute | chaqus | n |
| trouble | zotarosh | n |
| truce | jokha | n |
| true | ochut | adj |
| trumpet | tosduz | n |
| trunk (of a tree) | khukho | n |
| trust | kuqnang | v |
| truth | balrolot | n |
| try | engöl | v |
| tune | nakhalt | n |
| turn | azoy | v |
| twenty | kuqsholt | num |
| twice | shelt | adv |
| two | kuq | num |
| two-year-old horse | girbol | n |
| ugly | küsil | adj |
| uncle | yoto | n |
| under, below | tonqot | prep |
| understand | tulul | v |
| underworld | jinget | n |
| unless | yebing | conj |
| until | tsoguk | prep |
| up | suq | adv |
| us | yir | pron |
| use | kolnas | v |
| value | chistaz | n |
| verse | göjürner | n |
| very | julshan | adv |
| victory | achoz | n |
| village | anmom | n |
| vine | tukrak | n |
| vinegar | orkhus | n |
| voice | chinkuk | n |
| voyage | nirtül | n |
| wage | süykiz | n |
| wait | bisot | v |
| wake | chanrar | v |
| walk | khalgar | v |
| wall | iygar | n |
| wall (of stone) | shaghiski | n |
| want | yakmirt | v |
| war | zanglut | n |
| war-horse | yoygus | n |
| warm | bagit | adj |
| wash | jasdong | v |
| water | shamont | n |
| waterfall | birzash | n |
| wave | shokqaq | n |
| way | bogang | n |
| we | yir | pron |
| weak | shadun | adj |
| wealth | nangban | n |
| wear | sölt | v |
| weather | shöshüt | n |
| weave | yubuq | v |
| weaver | khaslul | n |
| wedding | toltir | n |
| weed | ternil | n |
| week | tusomul | n |
| weight | baqgiz | n |
| welcome | saqla | interj |
| well | talraq | adv |
| well (for water) | juqnang | n |
| west | kösnüs | n |
| wet | jönber | adj |
| what | quros | pron |
| wheat | bataguz | n |
| wheel | chesün | n |
| when | qush | adv |
| where | qay | adv |
| which | qinush | pron |
| while | joyoz | conj |
| whip | shulno | n |
| white | simult | adj |
| white horse | boguy | n |
| who | qon | pron |
| why | qosh | adv |
| wide | sunkar | adj |
| widow | munmush | n |
| wife | nujos | n |
| wild | ghulqay | adj |
| wilderness | disan | n |
| will, shall (future) | khudul | aux |
| willow | tsir | n |
| win | dagim | v |
| wind | chimom | n |
| window | tüchün | n |
| wine | dinyöl | n |
| wing | zoshachun | n |
| winter | öszüyken | n |
| wise | ichel | adj |
| wish | dönmet | v |
| with | yonkhaz | prep |
| without | irnal | prep |
| witness | sabos | n |
| wolf | jilmu | n |
| woman | khormor | n |
| wood (material) | tuchiz | n |
| word | bosang | n |
| work | khajat | n/v |
| world | yokshal | n |
| worm | jukul | n |
| worship | nangsit | v |
| wound | chinesh | n |
| write | jarol | v |
| wrong | yaso | adj |
| year | elük | n |
| yearling (a one-year-old horse) | malqung | n |
| yellow | khuybon | adj |
| yes | chuq | interj |
| yesterday | shunul | adv |
| yew | irqaq | n |
| yoke | dakat | n |
| you (friend, child) | baq | pron |
| you (stranger, elder) | dabit | pron |
| you (to the king) | — | pron |
| young | ongrir | adj |
| your | baqnuk | pron |
| zero | shult | num |